Linking Eastern and Western Civilizations on The Silk Road
Turkmenistan, officially the Republic of Turkmenistan is a sovereign country in Central Asia, and the second largest state in Central Asia bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north and east, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest and the Caspian Sea to the west. Ashgabat is the capital and largest city of the country. The population of the country is 5.8 million, the lowest of the Central Asian republics. Turkmenistan is one of the most sparsely populated nations in Asia.
At 488,100 km2 (188,500 sq mi), Turkmenistan is the world’s 52nd-largest country. Ashgabat City is the largest city and capital.
Economy
Turkmenistan specializes in cotton growing and the extraction of oil and natural gas. Turkmenistan’s resources underground in the western plain and underwater along the Caspian Sea include extensive reserves of oil and natural gas as well as deposits of mirabilite (salt), iodine, bromine, sulfur, potassium, and salt. The mountains and foothills contain dolomites and marl, which are used for fertilizing calcium-deficient soil.
Cotton ginning, oil pressing, and carpet making were retained, and new ones (heavy and light industry, such as food processing) emerged. The republic’s engineering and metal-processing enterprises include shops for repairing diesel locomotives, railcars, and agricultural machinery. Plants in Ashgabat and Mary produce oil-field and refinery equipment.
Tourism
Turkmenistan boasts three UNESCO World Heritage sites, while eight more sites have been agreed by the United Nations to reach the tentative list. Most of these sites were not recognized until as recently as 1998, but this is not a reflection of their history. The cultural sites are some of the earliest known forms of civilization, such as at the Parthian Fortress of Nisa. History goes back even further to reveal dinosaur fossils at Koytendag. Although perhaps the most prominent reminder of history and the important part Turkmenistan once played in global society are the ruins at Merv, an ancient trading post along the old Silk Road.
The tourism industry has been growing rapidly in recent years, especially medical tourism. This is primarily due to the creation of the Awaza tourist zone on the Caspian Sea. Every traveler must obtain a visa before entering Turkmenistan. To obtain a tourist visa, citizens of most countries need visa support from a local travel agency. For tourists visiting Turkmenistan, there are organized tours with a visit to historical sites Daşoguz, Konye-Urgench, Nisa, Merv, Mary, beach tours to Avaza, and medical tours and holidays in Mollakara, Ýylysuw, and Archman.
Aviation and Airports
There are 6 airports in Turkmenistan with scheduled flights. The biggest airport in Turkmenistan is Ashgabat International Airport UTAA/ASB with flights to 21 destinations in 10 countries. Turkmenistan Airlines is the only provider of domestic routes, flying to Dashoguz, Mary, Turkmenabat, and Turkmenbashi.
Ashgabat Airport opened in 1994 and has modern and adequate passenger facilities, including a duty-free store. However, it sees more domestic flights than it does international flights. The airport is located around six miles north of downtown Ashgabat, with the journey between the airport and the city taking about 15 minutes. Taxis are available to the hotel; however, they are unlicensed and privately owned. Fares are cheap due to extremely low gasoline prices. There are no rental car agencies located at the airport.
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